Eczema in babies
In babies, eczema tends to appear as a red rash on the cheeks, which spreads down to the neck and nappy area.
Although many parents are concerned about using steroid creams on their babies, for short periods they can be very useful, although they usually shouldn't be used on the face. It's important to consult your GP before using these creams.
It can be difficult to get the dose (amount) correct. It is usually measured in fingertip units (FTU). One FTU can treat an area of skin twice the size of an adult’s full hand and fingers.
Avoid using too little steroid as this can prolong flare-ups and require more treatment in the long term. Once the flare-up has cleared, stop using the steroid.
Use cotton bedding and clothing as they can help reduce the itching, and keep your child’s nails short and clean to lower the risk from scratching.
Eczema in young children
By the age of two, a child with eczema will probably have it on their neck, elbows, arms, ankles and behind the knees.
In children over two, antihistamines may help. Antibacterial ointments may also be useful if the eczema becomes infected. Your GP may also consider prescribing a drug to control any inflammation of the skin.
Distraction is the best way to help your child. Keeping him/her as busy as possible with activities can reduce the distress caused by eczema.
Eczema in teens and young adults
Eczema usually improves as children reach their teens. It's important to encourage them to continue moisturising. Teenage boys, in particular, don’t like using emollient (a skin-softening cream), and girls starting to use cosmetics and scents may have a reaction.
This is also the age when young adults may try tobacco and alcohol, both of which can cause flare-ups. The stress of exams, first jobs and new careers can also be a problem. Late nights and lots of coffee are not good for eczema.
Many young people are very active and eczema should not interfere with sporting activities. Sweating can irritate eczema, but this can be reduced by wearing loose cotton clothing and exercising in cool weather. Avoid swimming during a flare-up, and always use emollient before you get into the water. Shower afterwards and re-apply emollient.
Eczema in the over-40s
Flare-ups often disappear by this age, but most eczema sufferers will remain prone to dry skin, so always use emollient.
A healthy diet and active lifestyle is recommended. Having varicose veins can increase your risk of venous eczema. Other helpful tips include raising the legs when seated and using support stockings. Speak to your GP for advice.